|
KMID : 0378019610040010103
|
|
New Medical Journal
1961 Volume.4 No. 1 p.103 ~ p.115
|
|
|
Experimental Production of Arteriosclerosis in Rhesus Monkey by Deficienct of Pyridoxine Hydrochloride(Vitamin B6) and Essential Fatty Acids
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
Despite an almost limitless investigations and reports, the exact etiology and pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis is still unknown. There have been numerous accumulated evidences, however, to suggest or to incriminate certain factors in the causation of arteriosclerosis but none of which. is universally accepted. One of the more attractive approaches both clinically and experimentally has been the problems dealing with dietary factors.
A new way to a re-exploration of the metabolic and structural defects resulting from single vitamin deficiencies had been opened by Rinehart and Greenberg in 1949, by adapting the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) to a synthetic diet. During the course of their long term investigations, they reported occurrence of degenerative vascular lesions in rhesus monkeys subjected to pryidoxine deficiency, and pointed out that thess degenerative lesions simulated very closely to those of arteriosclerosis in man.
It is the purpose of this investigator to report detailed pathological findings of various organs with particular reference to the vascular changes prodced by deficiency of pyridoxine and of ;Essential Fatty Acids; individually and combined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three groups of healthy rhesus monkeys weighing from 2.5 to 3.0 kg, had been used. The first group of animals received a synthetic diet deficient in pyridoxine, the second group was given the diet deficient in essential fatty acids and the third received the diet deficient in both pyridoxine and essential fatty acids. The experiments also carried a group of control animals.
The basic diet of the experimental animals was a modification of the M-3 diet of Waisman and associates, and consisted of powdered sucrose 73%, vitamin test casein(Labco) 18%, Haek & Oser salt mixture 4%, and corn oil 2%. The dry ingredients were thoroughly blended, granulated, and compressed into 2-9 tablets after the addition of i per cent calcium stearate. These tablets were fed ad libitum.. Each monkey received one vitamin tablet daily containing the following: thimamine, 0. 5mg; riboflavin, 1 mg; nicotinic acid, 5 mg; calcium pantothenate, 3 mg; ascorbic acid, 25 mg; p-aminobenzoic acid, 100 mg; choline dihydrogen citrate 100 mg; inositol, 100 mg, and diotin, 10 micrograms, plus sufficient powdered sucrose to make a tablet weighing 1.5 g, Control monkeys also received either 1 mg pyridoxine hydrochloride daily or 3.5 mg twice a week (on sugar cube). In addition, each monkey received by mouth 10 drops of a vitamin A and D concentrate(containing 100, 000 units of Vitamin A and 10, 000 units of vitamin D) and 5 drops of mixed natural+tocopherols (containing 340 mg/g) weekly.
The first group of animals received above mixture of diet except pyridoxine and the second group was given the diet without corn oil and the third received the diet deficient both-in pyridoxine and corn oil.
The animals were sacrificed after 11 to 25 months. Gross features of various organs were recorded and fixed in 10% neutral formalin. Histologic sections were mainly stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. In addition, following histochemical stains have been carried out to demonstrate specific vascular changes; aldehyde-fuchsin, colloidal iron, and fat stains.
RESULTS AND SUMMARY
1. Prominent degenerative vascular disease occurs in monkeys when given diets deficient in pyridoxine hydrochloride, essential fatty acids and both in pyridoxine and essential fatty acids.
2. The vascular changes are most marked in the group of animals received the diet deficient in both pyridoxine and essential fatty acids, less marked in pyridoxine deficient group, and the least degrea of changes in the group deficient in essential fatty acids alone.
3. Prominent fatty metamorphosis of liver was observed in the first and the third group, however, this was not observed in the second group. The third group showed cirrhotic changes of liver in some animals.
4. The gross and microscopic features of the degenerative vascular diseases produced in these experiments simulate very closely to those of human arteriosclerosis.
5. In view of above experiments, attention is called to the essentiality of vitamin Bs in metabolism, particularly of proteins and its possible relation to pathogenesis of human arteriosclerosis. Importance of essential fatty acids can not also be discarded, and the deficiency in combinati~)a of these two factors appear to be certainly related to the enhancement of arteriosclerosis.
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
|
|
|
|
|
FullTexts / Linksout information
|
|
|
|
|
|
Listed journal information
|
|
|
|
|